气相爆破技术用于预处理生物质原料，近年来得到了国内外研究者的广泛重视。笔者基于秸秆与木材在化学组成和结构上的差异，提出对秸秆不加任何化学药品的无污染低压蒸汽爆破新技术，并推广到烟草加工、中草药提取、麻纤维清洁脱胶等行业领域。

陈洪章所著的《气相爆破技术与生物炼制(英文版)》系统分析了气相爆破技术原理及固体多组分物料蒸汽爆破组分分离机制，并对气相爆破的工艺设备进行了介绍，重点对其生物质炼制应用工艺进行了阐述。

陈洪章所著的《气相爆破技术与生物炼制(英文版)》系统介绍了气相爆破技术及其在生物质炼制中的应用。首先，详解气相爆破技术及其作用机理；其次，对最新的气相爆破过程及其设备进行了系统解析，包括设备选型、参数确定及工程放大等；再次，展示了气相爆破技术在生物质炼制中的应用范例。本书可供生物质工程及生物技术相关领域研究人员参考。

本书作者陈洪章博士是中国科学院过程工程研究所研究员、博士生导师。

1 Gas Explosion Technique Principles and Biomass

 Refining Pandect

 1.1 Gas Explosion Technical Overview

1.1.1 History of Gas Explosion Technique

1.1.2 Technical Classification of Gas Explosion

1.1.3 Latest Developments of Gas Explosion Technique

 1.2 Biomass Refinery and Gas Explosion Technology

1.2.1 Biomass Concept and Biomass Refining

1.2.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Recalcitrance to Degradation

1.2.3 Effective Methods to Expose Cellulose in Cell Wall by Physicochemical Pretreatments

1.2.4 Advantages of Steam Explosion-Derived Biomass Refining

 1.3 Foreground and Prospect

1.3.1 Preface

1.3.2 Cognition of Biomass Supermolecule Structure and Necessity of Selective Structural Deconstruction

1.3.3 Analysis of Biomass Recalcitrance and Breaking Pathways

1.3.4 Changes of Biomass Mechanical Properties During Refining Process

1.3.5 Thermodynamics and Dynamics During Biomass Refining Processes

1.3.6 Basis of Biomass Engineering Science

 References

2 Principle of Gas Explosion Technology

 2.1 The Main Parameters Affecting the Gas Explosion Process

2.1.1 Overview

2.1.2 Effect of Material Parameters on Gas Explosion

2.1.3 Effect of Operating Parameters on Gas Explosion

2.1.4 Effect of Equipment Parameters on the Gas Explosion

2.1.5 Relationship Between Product Parameters and Gas Explosion

 2.2 Multi-scale Modeling of Biomass Pretreatment for Steam Explosion Condition Optimization

2.2.1 Overview

2.2.2 Multi-scale Model Eduction in the Instantaneous Depression Stage of Steam Explosion

2.2.3 Multi-scale Model Connotation

2.2.4 Establishing a Novel Severity Factor on the Basis of Chip Size, Discharge Port Area,and Moisture Content

 2.3 Mechanisms of the Physical and Chemical Coupling Effects of Gas Explosion

2.3.1 Overview

2.3.2 Effects of SE on Degradation of Hemicellulose and Lignin

2.3.3 Effects of SE on Pore Distribution of Straw

2.3.4 Effects of SE on Permeability of Straw

2.3.5 Effects of SE on EHY of Straw

 2.4 Dissolution Thermodynamics of the Degradation Products of Steam-Exploded Straw

2.4.1 Overview

2.4.2 Effects of Temperature on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products

2.4.3 Effects of LSR on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products

2.4.4 Effects of Ionic Strength on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products

2.4.5 Effects of pH on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products

2.4.6 Optimal Dissolution Conditions for Sugars and Phenolic Compounds

2.4.7 Dissolution Thermodynamic Principles for Degradation Products in SE

 2.5 Formation Kiics of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in a Steam Explosion Process of Corn Straw

2.5.1 Overview

2.5.2 Determination of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Steam Explosion Hydrolysates

2.5.3 Yields of Inhibitors at Different Steam Explosion Conditions

2.5.4 Dynamic Parameters and Yield Equations of Inhibitors in Steam Explosion Process

 2.6 Analysis of Energy Consumption on Steam Explosion Process

2.6.1 Overview

2.6.2 The Composition of Steam Explosion Energy Consumption

2.6.3 Calculation Formulas for Each Part of Energy

2.6.4 Experiment Design and Data Processing

2.6.5 Relationship Between the Ratio of Tank Height to Diameter, Loading Coefficient, Initial Moisture Content of Materials, Holding Temperature,and Total Energy Consumption

2.6.6 Energy Analysis of Steam Explosion Process

 References

3 Gas Explosion Equipments

 3.1 Cutter Bar and Dedusting Equipments

3.1.1 Knife-Rall Straw Cutter

3.1.2 Straw Baler

3.1.3 Straw Baler Loosing Machine

3.1.4 Conveyor

 3.2 Rehydration and Dehydration Equipments

3.2.1 Rehydration Equipment

3.2.2 Dehydration Equipment

 3.3 Gas Explosion Equipments

3.3.1 Batch Gas Explosion Equipment

3.3.2 Continuous Gas Explosion Equipments

3.3.3 In Situ Gas Explosion Equipment

 3.4 Steam Generator

3.4.1 Overview of Steam Generator

3.4.2 Electric Steam Generator

3.4.3 Fuel Steam Generator

3.4.4 Coal-Fired Steam Generator

 3.5 Receiver

 3.6 Parameters Detection

3.6.1 System for Dynamic Data Test

3.6.2 Pressure Transducers

3.6.3 Temperature Transducers

3.6.4 Solid Flowmeter

 3.7 Carding Device

3.7.1 Hydraulic Carding Device (Paul Fractionator)

3.7.2 Airflow Grading Device

3.7.3 Mechanical Carding Device

References

4 Process Development of Gas Explosion

 4.1 Process Development of Gas Explosion Technology

4.1.1 Overview of Gas Explosion Technology

4.1.2 Iogen Steam Explosion Technology

4.1.3 Stake Steam Explosion Technology

4.1.4 Low-Pressure and Non-pollution Steam Explosion Technology

4.1.5 In Situ Gas Explosion Technology

4.1.6 In Situ Multistage Flashing and Steam Explosion Drying Technology

4.1.7 Steam Explosion and Carding Technology

 4.2 Process Development of Eco-industrialization of Steam-Exploded Materials

4.2.1 Biomass Resource and Its Distribution

4.2.2 Collection and Transportation of Biomass

4.2.3 Properties of Lignocellulosic Materials

4.2.4 Utilization Status and Existing Problems of Lignocellulose

4.2.5 Necessity of Lignocellulose Refinery

4.2.6 Refinery of Lignocellulosic Materials

4.2.7 Process Integration of Steam Explosion Technologies

4.2.8 Examples of Ecological Development of Multi-ponent Solid Materials

 References

5 Characterization and Research Methods of Gas-Exploded Materials

 5.1 Structural Morphology Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.1.1 Length Measurement of Fibrocytes

5.1.2 Research of Fiber Roughness and Weight Factor

5.1.3 Microscope Characterization

5.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)Characterization

5.1.5 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

5.1.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

5.1.7 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM)

5.1.8 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Characterization

5.1.9 Molecular Weight Determination

5.1.10 Degree of Polymerization Determination

 5.2 Determination of Components of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.2.1 Determination of Cellulose Content

5.2.2 Lignin Content Determination

5.2.3 Hemicellulose Content Determination

5.2.4 Extract Content Determination

5.2.5 Non-fiber Cell Content Determination

5.2.6 Protein Content Determination

5.2.7 Wax Content Determination

5.2.8 Lipid Content Determination

5.2.9 Ash Content Determination

5.2.10 Moisture Content Determination

5.2.11 Flavonoid Content Determination

5.2.12 Pectin Content Determination

5.2.13 Tannin Content Determination

 5.3 Determination of the Active Groups in Gas-Exploded Materials

5.3.1 Determination of Methoxyl Group Content

5.3.2 Determination of Hydroxyl Content

5.3.3 Determination of Carboxyl Content

5.3.4 Simultaneous Determination of Carboxyl and Phenolic Hydroxyl

 5.4 Particle Properties Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.4.1 Particle Size Analysis

5.4.2 The Application of Fractal Dimension in the Particle Characterization

 5.5 Interface Characterization Performance of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.5.1 Determination of the Specific Surface Area

5.5.2 The Characterization of Interfacial Tension

5.5.3 Characterization of Contact Angle

 5.6 Characterization of Porous Properties of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.6.1 Characterization of Pore Size Distribution

5.6.2 Characterization of Permeability Coefficient

5.6.3 Characterization of Other Properties of Porous Media

 5.7 Characterization of Biomechanical Property of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.7.1 Characterization of Hydrogen Content

5.7.2 Tensile Strength

5.7.3 Compressive Strength

5.7.4 Bending Property

5.7.5 Shear Strength

5.7.6 Hardness and Impact Toughness

 5.8 Characterization of Wet and Dry Performance of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.8.1 The Moisture Content and Shrinkage

5.8.2 The Existing State of Water

5.8.3 Fiber Saturation Point

 5.9 Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Gas-Exploded Materials

5.9.1 Chemical Bond Energy

5.9.2 Thermodynamic Energy

5.9.3 Enthalpy Value

5.9.4 Specific Heat Capacity

5.9.5 Thermal Conductivity

5.10 Rheological Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials

 References

6 Applications of Gas Explosion in Biomass Refining

 6.1 Applications of Gas Explosion in Food Industry

6.1.1 Processing of Fruit and Vegetable Residue

6.1.2 Meat Residue Processing

6.1.3 Marine Products Processing

6.1.4 Food Processing

6.1.5 Roughage Processing

 6.2 Application of Gas Explosion Technology in Pharmaceutical Industry

6.2.1 Problems in Processing and Extraction Process of Medicinal Plants

6.2.2 Gas Explosion Enhancing Bioactive Ingredients Extraction from Traditional Chinese Medicines

6.2.3 Gas Explosion Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicines

6.2.4 Gas Explosion Technology Focused Ecological Industry of Medicinal Plants

 6.3 Application of Gas Explosion Technology in Bioenergy

6.3.1 Pretreatment of Feedstock in Bioenergy

6.3.2 Advantages of Gas Explosion for Bioenergy Feedstock Pretreatment

6.3.3 Typical Applications of Gas Explosion in Bioenergy

 6.4 The Applications of Steam Explosion Technology in Biomaterial Field

6.4.1 Natural Textile Fiber Extraction Using Steam Explosion Technology

6.4.2 Preparation of Natural Cellulose Nanofiber by Steam Explosion

6.4.3 Wood-Based Panels Made by Steam Explosion Corn Straw

6.4.4 Dissolving Pulp Produced by Steam-exploded Straw

6.4.5 Polyurethane Foam Produced by Steam-exploded Straw Liquidation

6.4.6 Protein Fiber Processing

 6.5 Application of Steam Explosion Technology in Chemical Industry

6.5.1 Oxalic Acid

6.5.2 Furfural

6.5.3 Acetylpropionic Acid

6.5.4 Xylooligosaccharide/Xylose/Xylitol

6.5.5 Citric Acid

6.5.6 Xanthan Gum

6.5.7 Phenolic Acids

6.5.8 Silicon Dioxide

6.5.9 Chemical Production Examples Based on Steam Explosion Technology

 6.6 Application of Steam Explosion Technology in Environmental Protection

6.6.1 Damage and Management of Solid Wastes

6.6.2 Organic Fertilizer Manufacturing

6.6.3 Application of Steam Explosion in Papermaking Industry

6.6.4 Environmental Materials Manufactured with Steam-Exploded Straw

 References